What is frostbite?

by Amy R. Beach, FNP

Frostbite occurs when there is an injury to the skin and underlying tissue that has been exposed to the cold for too long.

The most common areas include the hands, feet, nose, cheeks and ears. The symptoms of frostbite can include white and cold skin, numbness, a prickly sensation, stiffness, and possibly pain in the affected area. However, frostbite can also occur without any symptoms.

The best way to treat frostbite is to prevent it from happening. Tips for this include:

• Wear several layers of loose, warm clothing rather than one heavy tight garment. The best bottom layer is one that wicks moisture away from the skin.
• Wear a face mask and ear muffs.
• Wear mittens instead of gloves.
• Stay dry!
• Use the buddy system when in severe cold. Check each others faces for evidence of frostbite.
• Warm up frequently indoors.

If frostbite is suspected, rewarm the area gradually in warm water or with warm soaks for 20 minutes or until the area is unfrozen. Never use dry heat such as a fireplace or oven, and do not rub the area. Expect burning or prickly sensations which may require acetaminophen. If blisters, bruising, or swelling occur after rewarming, contact your pediatrician.

Have fun in the snow, and stay warm and dry!